Colder, dryer air can lead to airway inflammation, and warmer, more humid air can help a person to breathe easily. A 2018 review explains that HFNCs can also heat the gas to 98.6 oF (37 oC). HFNCs offer an increased flow rate of oxygen compared to standard nasal cannulas. The oxygen flow in a standard nasal cannula is lower than other types, including the high flow nasal cannula (HFNC). A 22 gauge cannula can pass 31 ml in 21 minutes.Īccording to the American Lung Association, a standard nasal cannula is a lightweight plastic tube that is inserted just inside a person’s nostrils. The higher the gauge number, the smaller the cannula.ĭifferent sized cannulas move liquid through them at different rates, known as flow rates.Ī 14 gauge cannula can pass approximately 270 milliliters (ml) of saline in 1 minute. According to a 2015 study, the most common sizes range from 14 to 22 gauge. There are several sizes of intravenous cannulas. A trocar is a sharp metal or plastic instrument that can puncture tissue and allow the removal or insertion of fluid from a body cavity or organ. The cannula often surrounds what is known as a trocar. Sometimes doctors might also use these cannulas during liposuction. Draining cannulasĭoctors use draining cannulas to drain fluids or other substances from a person’s body. For example, a person receiving chemotherapy might require a central line IV cannula.Ĭentral line IV cannulas can quickly deliver medication and fluids into the person’s body via the jugular vein, femoral vein, or subclavian vein. Medical professionals may use a central line cannula for a person who needs long-term treatments that require medicine or fluids intravenously over a period of weeks or months. The lines are for short-term use and attach to an IV catheter.ĭoctors tape the cannula to the skin to keep it from moving. Medical professionals use peripheral IV cannulas in the emergency room, during surgery, or when taking a radiological image. The doctor or nurse will also give a person tips on caring for the cannula, such as not smoking in its vicinity. They will reassure the person if they have any doubts or are feeling anxious. The doctor or nurse will instruct a person on how to use the equipment and how often to fill the oxygen supply. The procedure for fitting a nasal cannula for home use will be the same as above, except the nasal cannula will attach to a portable oxygen supply. Nasal cannulas can be portable so a person can live an independent life while receiving oxygen therapy. They will check the flow rate every 4–8 hours. They will check the person is comfortable, and check the pressure of the cannula on the skin every 2 hours. They will loop the tubing around a person’s ears and position the plastic slider under their chin so it stays stable.They will place the nasal cannula into a person’s nose the prongs on the cannula help it stay in place just inside a person’s nostrils.They will turn the flow meter on and check that the oxygen is coming through properly.They will insert the flow meter into a power source and attach a nozzle.They will ask the person to sit up straight, if possible, to expand their lungs.Nasal cannulaĪ doctor or nurse will take the following steps to insert a nasal cannula: However, if a person feels faint or uneasy at any point during the process, they can talk to the doctor or nurse fitting the cannula. The only pain involved with fitting an IV cannula is the scratch as the needle enters the skin. The cannula is then secured in place with medical tape or a dressing, such as a wrap or special bandage.Once in the vein, the needle is withdrawn as the cannula slides over the needle and into the vein. The needle only serves to puncture the skin and vein so the cannula can be inserted into the vein.They will inform the person they will feel a scratch, and they will insert the needle into the vein.It might feel uncomfortable, the doctor or nurse will only keep it in place for about a minute. A tourniquet is a band that doctors tie tightly to limit the flow of blood. They will tie a tourniquet above this area.They will clean this area with an alcohol wipe. This will usually be the person’s non-dominant side and will involve an area where the person’s veins are the clearest.
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